Spending by all committees

Cryptocurrency-focused PACs have contributed to both support and oppose candidates from Republican and Democratic parties.

However, spending to oppose Democrats does not always support Republicans, and vice versa. For example, when a PAC opposes a candidate in a primary against a candidate from the same party, they may be supporting a different candidate from the same party — or they may intend to support a candidate from the opposing party in a later election.

In some races where PACs have spent heavily to oppose candidates but have not supported any candidates, such as in California’s Senate primary and in New York’s District 16 Democratic primary, these PACs seem more focused on ousting candidates they view as anti-crypto, rather than supporting any specific candidate. The incidental beneficiaries in these cases are marked in lighter italic text in the table below.

Based on committee support spending, individual contributions to other candidates, and statements supporting other candidates, opposition spending can be categorized based on likely beneficiary: